Observation d'une enzootie d'aspergillose chez des oisons en Haute-Volta

Les auteurs relatent une enzootie d'aspergillose aviaire en Haute-Volta survenue chez de jeunes oisons importés de France. Après avoir évoqué dans quelles conditions ces oiseaux avaient été introduits, ils décrivent la symptomatologie assez particulière de l'affection, caractérisée par une prédominance des manifestations nerveuses. Enfin, après avoir indiqué les éléments du diagnostic, ils terminent par quelques considérations sur l'étiologie de cette enzooti

Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review

Background: Q fever is a common cause of febrile illness and community-acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings. Coxiella burnetii, the causative pathogen, is transmitted among varied host species, but the epidemiology of the organism in Africa is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review of C. burnetii epidemiology in Africa from a “One Health” perspective to synthesize the published data and identify knowledge gaps.<p></p> Methods/Principal Findings: We searched nine databases to identify articles relevant to four key aspects of C. burnetii epidemiology in human and animal populations in Africa: infection prevalence; disease incidence; transmission risk factors; and infection control efforts. We identified 929 unique articles, 100 of which remained after full-text review. Of these, 41 articles describing 51 studies qualified for data extraction. Animal seroprevalence studies revealed infection by C. burnetii (≤13%) among cattle except for studies in Western and Middle Africa (18–55%). Small ruminant seroprevalence ranged from 11–33%. Human seroprevalence was <8% with the exception of studies among children and in Egypt (10–32%). Close contact with camels and rural residence were associated with increased seropositivity among humans. C. burnetii infection has been associated with livestock abortion. In human cohort studies, Q fever accounted for 2–9% of febrile illness hospitalizations and 1–3% of infective endocarditis cases. We found no studies of disease incidence estimates or disease control efforts.<p></p> Conclusions/Significance: C. burnetii infection is detected in humans and in a wide range of animal species across Africa, but seroprevalence varies widely by species and location. Risk factors underlying this variability are poorly understood as is the role of C. burnetii in livestock abortion. Q fever consistently accounts for a notable proportion of undifferentiated human febrile illness and infective endocarditis in cohort studies, but incidence estimates are lacking. C. burnetii presents a real yet underappreciated threat to human and animal health throughout Africa.<p></p&gt

Radon 222 and tropospheric vertical transport

Radon 222 is an inert gas whose loss is due only to radioactive decay with a half life of 3. 83 days (5. 51-day 'exponential' lifetime). It is a very useful tracer of continental air because only ground level continental sources are significant. Previously published measured **2**2**2Rn profiles are analyzed here by averaging for the summer, winter, and spring-fall seasons. The analysis shows that in summer, about 55% of the **2**2**2Rn is transported above the planetary boundary layer, considerably more than during the other seasons. Similarly, in summer, about 20% rises to over 5. 5 km (500 mbar). The average profiles have been used to derive vertical eddy diffusion coefficients with maximum values of 5-7 multiplied by 10**5 cm**2 s** minus **1 in the midtroposphere and 8 multiplied by 10**3 to 5 multiplied by 10**4 cm**2 s** minus **1 near the surface

Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa:Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and affecting domestic and wild mammals. In this paper, the bacteriological and serological evidence of brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its epidemiological characteristics are discussed. The tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of human brucellosis and for the diagnosis and control of animal brucellosis and their applicability in the context of SSA are presented and gaps identified. These gaps concern mostly the need for simpler and more affordable antimicrobial treatments against human brucellosis, the development of a B. melitensis vaccine that could circumvent the drawbacks of the currently available Rev 1 vaccine, and the investigation of serological diagnostic tests for camel brucellosis and wildlife. Strategies for the implementation of animal vaccination are also discussed.Publishe

Porocéphalose à Armillifer (Nettorhynchus) Armillatus (Pentastomida) Wyman, 1847, chez un bovin et un porcin (Mali et Haute-Volta)

Deux cas de porocéphalose observés à l'abattoir de Bobo-Dioulasso (République de Haute-Volta) concernant un bovin de provenance malienne et un porcin d'origine voltaïque sont décrits. Les auteurs soulignent l'importance de cette parasitose qui peut affecter l'homme par consommation de viande d'animaux infesté